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Fichiers à télécharger
Les articles des volumes suivants sont vendus sous forme de PDF à télécharger: BiEtud: numéros 110, 120, 138, 140, 165 (gratuit), EtudUrb: 9.
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Annales islamologiques 42
2008 IFAO
28 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Cyrille Aillet
Frontière religieuse et catégorisation sociale des convertis en al-Andalus (IIe-IVe/VIIIe-Xe siècles).
Cet article est consacré à la catégorisation sociale des convertis à l’islam dans les sources andalouses concernant les époques émirale et califale (viiie-ixe siècles). Après avoir traité de la conversion comme acte légal, nous abordons sa fonction dans l’historiographie andalouse (chrétienne et islamique) en tant que récit mettant en scène une rupture de la continuité du corps social et un franchissement de la frontière religieuse. Enfin, nous nous interrogeons sur l’identification du groupe des muwallad-s, catégorie sociale de transition qui joue un rôle notable dans l’explication de l’avènement du califat.
Mots-clés : islamisation, catégorisation sociale, convertis, acte légal de conversion, rites de passage de la frontière religieuse, apostasie, fitna, muwallad.This article deals with the converts to Islam in al-Andalus during the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate (eighth-ninth c.) and their social categorization in the light of local sources. Conversion is first approached as a legal act, before evaluating its role in both Christian and Islamic historiography as a rupture in social continuity and a trespassing of religious frontiers. The identification of the so-called transitional category of the muwallad-s—a key for explaining the new caliphate proclamation—is then questioned.
Keywords: Islamization, social categorization, converts, legal act of conversion, passage rituals of the religious frontier, apostasy, fitna, muwallad- Cyrille Aillet ( : 055313671)
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Annales islamologiques 42
2008 IFAO
23 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Vanessa Van Renterghem
Catégorisations sociales dans le monde musulman médiéval: introduction au dossier.
- Vanessa Van Renterghem ( : 084557907)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
15 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Muḥammad Naṣr ʿAbd Al-Raḥmān
الأسطورة فى المجتمع الهندى فى العصور الوسطى ودلالاتها التاريخية. قصة شكروتى فرماض نموذجاً. Al-Usṭūra fi-l muǧtamaʿ al-hindī fi-l ʿuṣūr al-wusṭa wa dalālātihā al-tārīḫiyya. Qiṣṣat šakrūtī firmāḍ numūḏaǧan.
This study examines a number of historical texts that deal with legendary stories from Medieval India. The author would like to explore from a new perspective the historical accuracy of these legends in that they might indeed hold important historical facts, otherwise neglected by scholars due to the very nature of them being labelled as myths. The author will illustrate his theory by using a number of historical texts that deal with the legend of the Indian king Shakarawati Farmand and how he came to embrace Islam.
Keywords: Islam, India, Myth, Shakarawati Farmand, Cheramen Perumal, Malabar, Arab, Mapillas, Muslim, Prophet, Baba Ratan, Medieval, Muhammad b. Malik, The Endowment.- Muḥammad Naṣr ʿAbd Al-Raḥmān ( : 24483699X)
Professeur d’histoire islamique, faculté des Lettres, Université du roi Faisal
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
25 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Īhāb Aḥmad Ibrāhīm
التصوف والفن الإسلامي. Al-taṣawwuf wa-l fann al-islāmī.
This study attempts not only explore the influence that Sufism had on Islamic art, but how we set about identifying and measuring this influence. In the author’s attempt to identify and prove this influence several steps were necessary. Firstly, it is important to examine and discuss previous studies with regard to the subject matter. Interestingly, two contrary issues are noted; one overplays the role that Sufism had on the development of Islamic art, whereas the other completely denies that this influence exists. Secondly, having asserted the effect of Sufism on Islamic art, the research path subsequently diverges into two basic themes. First and foremost it is important to locate the types of objects that would be of value within the context of Sufism, from buildings to tools. On a second, more difficult level it is important to examine the very essence existing between the philosophy of Sufi teachings and its relationship to the properties and philosophy of Islamic art. By applying this method of research to certain branches of Islamic art such as architecture, painting, applied arts, calligraphy as well as inscriptions, our study can pin point potential areas that would require further research and discussion. The aim of this paper is to highlight the relationship that does exist between Sufism and Islamic art.
Keywords: Islamic art, Sufism, Architecture, Painting, Applied Arts, Metal, Textile, Carpets, Glass, Pottery, Calligraphy, Inscriptions.- Īhāb Aḥmad Ibrāhīm ( : 24840167X)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
33 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Ḥusayn Muṣṭafā Ḥusayn Ramaḍān
دراســة لوقف الأمير قيت الرجبى. Dirāsa li waqf al-Amīr Qayt al-Raǧbī.
Amir Kit al-Ragaby is considered to be one of the great Mamluks in Egypt and Syria during the late Mamluk Period, in particular during the court of Sultan al-Ghoury. Despite this fact, Amir Kit and his significance remains unmentioned by biographers. The author has endeavoured to collect biographical details of his life from many different sources, with particular detail to his Endowment document that provides a partial description of his house. An attempt will be made within this paper to reconstruct the house using contemporary comparative material.
Keywords: Endowment, Biography, House, Reconstruction.- Ḥusayn Muṣṭafā Ḥusayn Ramaḍān ( : 248401637)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
21 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Hišām bin Muḥammad ʿAlī Ḥasan ʿUǧaymī
قلعة ذات الحاج فى طريق الحَاجّ الشامى: دراسة معمارية وثائقية. Qalʿat ḏāt al-ḥāǧǧ fī ṭarīq al-ḥāǧǧ al-šāmī. Dirāsa miʿmāriyya waṯā’īqiyya
The fort of Ḏāt al-Ḥāǧ is one of a number of Ottoman forts situated in the Syrian Darb al- Ḥāǧ that until now has not been carefully studied. The Ottoman Sultan Sulaymān al-Qanūnī gave the order for its erection in 967 H., completing work in 971 H. By 1266 H. the Sultan Abd al-Magid I had ordered its restoration and by 1328 H. The fort’s use was finally superseded by the construction of the al-Ḥiǧāz railway in 1318 H. The Ḏāt al- Ḥāǧ fort had served in a civil and military capacity for the Syrian al- Ḥāǧ caravans and travellers for nearly 295 years.
The author has made a comprehensive study of the fort which includes; field studies and survey of the site, photography of the exterior and interior of the structure as well as detailed descriptions of its rooms. Both the foundation plaque (971 H.) and later restoration plaque (1266 H.) have also been located and studied. This paper introduces for the first time a scientific study of one of a series of forts that operated along the Syrian Darb al- Ḥāǧ.
Keywords: Syrian Darb al-Ḥāǧ, Fort of Ḏāt al- Ḥāǧ.- Hišām bin Muḥammad ʿAlī Ḥasan ʿUǧaymī ( : 24835650X)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
44 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Sāmī Ṣāliḥ ʿAbd Al-Mālik
أبيار العَلائى على دَّرْب الحَاجّ المِصْرى فى سَيْنَاء : دراسة تاريخية - آثارية معمارية جديدة على ضوء الحفائر الآثارية. Abyār al-ʿAlā’ī ʿalā darb al-ḥāǧǧ al-miṣrī fī Sīnā’ : Dirāsa tārīḫiyya-aṯāriyya miʿmāriyya ǧadīda ʿalā ḍū’ al-ḥafā’ir al-aṯāriyya.
Although situated within close proximity of each other on the Darb al- Ḥāǧ al- Miṣrī “Egyptian” in the Sinai, Abyār al-ʿAlā’ī and Wādī al Qurrayṣ should rightly be considered as two different places. Guarding the region of the “Dark” Abyār al-ʿAlā’ī was the work of the al-ʿAyḏ tribes, in which the Tarabīn tribe was defiantly involved. Previously unknown buildings were discovered in the Abyār al-ʿAlā’ī region, along with a dam situated in Wādī al-ʿAqaba. Many wells have been noted in the area and others were found by means of drilling, excavation and probing. Important among these discoveries is the remains of a qalʿa that should be considered a new addition to the known forts along the Darb al-Ḥāǧ al-Miṣrī in particular and for Sinai forts in general. Found also was the al-sulṭān Kitbuġa al-Manṣūrī mosque, comprising of the dome, water pools with their associated water-refineries and canals. A station associated with the reign of al sulṭān al-mamlūkī Kitbuġa al-Manṣurī was uncovered that included a number of wells as well as a rare inscription from a mosque. Many important historical inscriptions were discovered that will help us interpret the civil development of this region, in particular the al-manzel or “small station” and the al-manhel or “grand station” of the Darb al-Ḥāǧ al-Miṣrī.
Keywords: Darb al-Ḥāǧ al-Miṣrī, Egyptian Darb al-Ḥāǧ, Sinai, Fort Abyār al-ʿAlā’ī, Al-Qurrayṣ.- Sāmī Ṣāliḥ ʿAbd Al-Mālik ( : 248429655)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
50 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Abbès Zouache
L’armement entre Orient et Occident au VIe/XIIe siècle : casques, masses d’armes et armures
The weapon is a privileged vector of technological progress, but it also remarkably reveals the exchanges that took place between the Muslim Middle East and Western Europe in the 6th/12th centuries. The Franks and the Muslims’ weapons tended to standardize, even if several types of weapons always coexisted on the battle fields, and if Muslims as well as Franks kept their specificities. The evolution of three weapons is here analyzed: helmets, maces and amours. The Western helmets tended to be thicker and heavier. Those of the Muslims, which were quite as various in form and constitution, also appeared to become more and more effective. The Arabic texts show that the Muslims added a miġfar to them, a typically Eastern (but not unknown in Western Europe) mail curtain or a cap of mail like the one which the Western fighters used to wear. The maces, which were particularly appreciated by the Muslim Turkish riders, spread in Western Christianity, perhaps after their adoption by the Templars, even if the influence of the riders from the steppes of Eastern Europe cannot be ignored. Various types of armour coexisted in the Frank and Muslim armies. Once again, the ones did not hesitate to make theirs the weapons of the others.
Keywords: War, Weapons- Abbès Zouache ( : 088010481)
Abbès Zouache a été directeur du Centre français d'archéologie et de sciences sociales (Sanaa et Koweït City). Il est chercheur au CNRS et directeur des études à l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. Historien, arabisant, il est spécialiste de la guerre dans l'Orient médiéval, qu'il envisage comme un phénomène social et culturel. Il est l'auteur de plusieurs ouvrages et de nombreux articles sur le sujet.
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
47 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Stéphane Pradines, Osama Talaat
Les fortifications fatimides du Caire : Bāb al-Tawfīq et l’enceinte en briques crues de Badr al-Ǧamālī
Archaeological research conducted by the Ifao on the eastern walls of Fatimid Cairo has brought forth new scientific evidence for the presence of a Fatimid mud brick surrounding wall. Fragments of the town wall indicate a continuity of the fortification from Badr al-Ǧamālī (1087-1092 ad.) along the entire eastern part of Islamic Cairo. This town wall remained preserved until the period of Maqrīzī, when there is mentioned an area known as “Bayn al-Surayn;” known as the zone “between both walls.” Our observations, yet unpublished, make clear the stylistic practices with regard to the Fatimid fortifications of Cairo. The enclosure wall of Badr al-Ǧamālī is interspersed by towers and quadrangular supports, only the towers belonging to the gates of Bāb al-Futūh and Bāb Zuwayla comprise of semicircular elements.
Keywords: Fatimid Cairo, Fortifications, Badr al-Ǧamālī.- Stéphane Pradines ( : 060719532)
Stéphane Pradines est archéologue et professeur d’art et d’architecture islamique à l’Université Aga Khan, Institut pour l’étude des civilisations musulmanes à Londres. Il a dirigé de nombreuses fouilles archéologiques dont les fouilles des murailles du Caire et d’autres fouilles dans l’océan Indien et en Afrique orientale. Il est spécialiste du commerce médiéval dans l’océan Indien, de l’islamisation en Afrique subsaharienne et des cultures matérielles de guerre en Afrique musulmane. - Osama Talaat ( : 244786321)
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Annales islamologiques 41
2007 IFAO
20 p.
gratuit - free of charge
Christophe Bouleau
Bâtir une coupole en pierre de taille. La coupole du mausolée de l’émir Khayr Bek au Caire : dessin, construction et décor
Stone domes of Cairo, built throughout the Mamluk period represent one of the most significant features of Cairean construction techniques used during the 14th to 17th centuries. The stone dome of Emir Khayerbek’Mausoleum, constructed between 1502 and 1520 illustrates the high degree of technical skill needed as well as demonstrating architectural and artistic ability. A new survey and field study of the dome has enabled the author to shed new light on the building’s structure, construction materials and decorative plan. Such a survey makes possible the identification and illustration of important yet previously undocumented building techniques. Among these techniques is an understanding of how the builders organised the use of iron cramps to connect together the stone courses of the dome as well as the arrangement of the inclined mortar joints linking together the value of the keystone and the use of compression. Another technique and moreover an important theme of enquiry since the project’s inception is the association between the structure itself and decorative elements such as the sculpted detail on the extrados. These new findings enable us to formulate a hypothesis for the construction phase of the building and to understand with greater detail the synthetic approach of the builders as well as their virtuosity in design techniques.
Keywords: Mamluk architecture, Dome, Building technique.- Christophe Bouleau ( : 244348448)