IFAO

Le monnayage de l’Égypte ancienne est-il si original ? Après son adoption tardive au ve siècle av. J.-C., en argent d’abord, puis en or et en bronze, la monnaie s’est diffusée dans le pays alors que les Ptolémées instauraient un système monétaire fermé. Elle est rapidement devenue un objet de la vie quotidienne, utilisée aussi bien par les pauvres que par les riches, bien que dans des cadres différents. D’un côté, la production, l’iconographie et la circulation de ces pièces offrent de précieux éléments de compréhension sur leur rôle dans la société ; de l’autre, les textes fournissent de nombreuses données sur leur utilisation dans les banques, pour le prélèvement des taxes ou pour des prêts. Ce livre réunit ces informations pour produire une vision plus étendue de l’utilisation de la monnaie de l’époque perse aux premiers temps de l’Islam. Quelques incursions en dehors du pays permettent également de replacer les données égyptiennes dans le cadre plus général du bassin méditerranéen et de questionner ce qui a été décrit comme L’exception égyptienne.

What makes Egyptian coinage so special? After its late adoption in the 5th century BC, first silver, then gold and then bronze coins, spread over the country as the Ptolemies imposed a closed monetary system. It soon became an everyday life object, used by the poor and the wealthy, though for different purposes. On one side, the production, the iconography and the circulation of coins are precious to understand their status in the society; on the other side, texts give numerous data on its use in the banks, for tax, for loans. This book aims at reuniting this data to offer a broader view of the use of coinage from the Persian Period to the beginning of Islam. Some insights from outside Egypt enable comparison of this data with other places, to rethink the position of coinage in Egypt, and to question what has been described as L’exception égyptienne.

L’ouvrage présente l’édition commentée de quatre testaments écrits sur papyrus, datés du VIIe siècle apr. J.-C., et émanant des supérieurs d’un monastère de Haute Égypte, le monastère de Saint-Phoibammôn, situé sur la rive gauche de Thèbes. Utilisant la forme du testament de droit privé, les supérieurs lèguent à leur successeur la direction spirituelle du monastère en même temps que la propriété de ses biens et son administration. Les implications de ce dossier sont à la fois juridiques – dans quelle mesure ces documents sont-ils conformes au modèle offert par le droit byzantin ? –, historiques – les testaments apportent des éclairages nouveaux sur l’histoire du monastère de Saint-Phoibammôn, qui fut un important centre de vie ascétique au VIIe siècle et la résidence de l’évêque Abraham d’Hermonthis, son fondateur –, et linguistiques – il s’agit d’un dossier bilingue, le premier testament étant en grec et les trois suivants en copte, ce qui permet d’étudier les processus de traduction d’une langue à l’autre, et de s’interroger sur le statut du copte comme langue juridique.

Cet ensemble est unique car il offre la possibilité d’étudier le même type de documents, provenant du même endroit, rédigés dans deux langues différentes, et condensés sur une période chronologique relativement courte (moins d’un siècle).

The present book contains the edition and commentary of four wills written on papyrus which date back to the 7th century CE, drawn up by the superiors of the monastery of Saint Phoibammon in Upper Egypt, located on the left bank in Thebes. By way of a private will, the superiors bequeath to their successor the spiritual leadership of the monastery as well as the property of its goods and its management. This dossier has implications of various sorts: legal – to what extent are these documents in accordance with the model of Byzantine law? –, historical – the wills bring new elements on the history of the Saint Phoibammon monastery which was an important centre of ascetic life in the 7th century and where its founder, the bishop Abraham of Hermonthis, lived –, linguistic – it is a bilingual dossier, as the first will is written in Greek and the following three in Coptic, thus allowing to study the translation process and to ponder on the legal status of the Coptic language.

This is a unique collection of documents because it enables the study of the same kind of document, coming from the same place, written in two different languages, and dating from a relatively short period of time (less than a century).

L’ouvrage présente l’édition commentée de quatre testaments écrits sur papyrus, datés du viie siècle apr. J.-C., et émanant des supérieurs d’un monastère de Haute Égypte, le monastère de Saint-Phoibammôn, situé sur la rive gauche de Thèbes. Utilisant la forme du testament de droit privé, les supérieurs lèguent à leur successeur la direction spirituelle du monastère en même temps que la propriété de ses biens et son administration. Les implications de ce dossier sont à la fois juridiques – dans quelle mesure ces documents sont-ils conformes au modèle offert par le droit byzantin ? –, historiques – les testaments apportent des éclairages nouveaux sur l’histoire du monastère de Saint-Phoibammôn, qui fut un important centre de vie ascétique au viie siècle et la résidence de l’évêque Abraham d’Hermonthis, son fondateur –, et linguistiques – il s’agit d’un dossier bilingue, le premier testament étant en grec et les trois suivants en copte, ce qui permet d’étudier les processus de traduction d’une langue à l’autre, et de s’interroger sur le statut du copte comme langue juridique. Cet ensemble est unique car il offre la possibilité d’étudier le même type de documents, provenant du même endroit, rédigés dans deux langues différentes, et condensés sur une période chronologique relativement courte (moins d’un siècle).

The present book contains the edition and commentary of four wills written on papyrus which date back to the 7th century CE, drawn up by the superiors of the monastery of Saint Phoibammon in Upper Egypt, located on the left bank in Thebes. By way of a private will, the superiors bequeath to their successor the spiritual leadership of the monastery as well as the property of its goods and its management. This dossier has implications of various sorts: legal – to what extent are these documents in accordance with the model of Byzantine law? –, historical – the wills bring new elements on the history of the Saint Phoibammon monastery which was an important centre of ascetic life in the 7th century and where its founder, the bishop Abraham of Hermonthis, lived –, linguistic – it is a bilingual dossier, as the first will is written in Greek and the following three in Coptic, thus allowing to study the translation process and to ponder on the legal status of the Coptic language. This is a unique collection of documents because it enables the study of the same kind of document, coming from the same place, written in two different languages, and dating from a relatively short period of time (less than a century).The present book contains the edition and commentary of four wills written on papyrus which date back to the 7th century CE, drawn up by the superiors of the monastery of Saint Phoibammon in Upper Egypt, located on the left bank in Thebes. By way of a private will, the superiors bequeath to their successor the spiritual leadership of the monastery as well as the property of its goods and its management. This dossier has implications of various sorts: legal – to what extent are these documents in accordance with the model of Byzantine law? –, historical – the wills bring new elements on the history of the Saint Phoibammon monastery which was an important centre of ascetic life in the 7th century and where its founder, the bishop Abraham of Hermonthis, lived –, linguistic – it is a bilingual dossier, as the first will is written in Greek and the following three in Coptic, thus allowing to study the translation process and to ponder on the legal status of the Coptic language. This is a unique collection of documents because it enables the study of the same kind of document, coming from the same place, written in two different languages, and dating from a relatively short period of time (less than a century).

Sur les 600 palais et maisons recensés par les savants de l’Expédition d’Égypte en 1800, il en subsistait 29 en 1970, inscrits à l’Inventaire des monuments historiques. Si certains de ces palais ont été remarquablement restaurés, comme celui de l’émir Taz ou la maison Harawî, d’autres ont continué à se dégrader et certains sont aujourd’hui disparus. Les plans et photographies qui en subsistent ont acquis de ce fait une valeur inestimable. L’Ifao a décidé de rééditer progressivement cet ouvrage pionnier, publié entre 1970 et 1983. Très vite épuisé, Palais et Maisons du Caire, œuvre d’un spécialiste des métiers et des arts du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient et d’un architecte engagé dans la restauration de certains de ces bâtiments, a constitué un jalon dans la conscience patrimoniale qui a émergé dans les années 1990 autour du Caire islamique. Les plans, relevés architecturaux et photographies qui composent l’ouvrage permettront au lecteur de redécouvrir les quartiers, rues, cours, pièces, passages et toits des derniers plus beaux palais et demeures bourgeoises du Caire mamelouk et ottoman. Dans le but de toucher un plus vaste public, cette nouvelle édition est assortie d’une synthèse en arabe retenant les points essentiels de chaque étude architecturale. Ce premier volume présente le Qāʿa Dardīr, le Maqʿad Mamāʾi, le palais de Qāyt Bāy, le palais dʾal-Razzāz, le palais de Raḍwān Bey et le Manzil al-Sinnārī.

زُوِّدت هذه الطبعة الجديدة بموجز باللغة العربية يستعرض فيه تلخيص أهمّ البيانات المعمارية الخاصّة بكل من المباني المذكورة في المجلَّد.

The Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques takes into account all publications of interest to Arab and Islamic studies in a variety of domains: Arabic language and literature; Islamic studies; philosophy; history; history of science and technology; anthropology and social sciences; arts and archaeology. It is edited by the team of Islam médiéval (UMR 8167 Orient Méditerranée - Cnrs) and published on line by IFAO.

Today, for anyone attempting to establish and update a list of available Arab music archives, the task would not only require the standard work in libraries and archives (both public and especially private) but also taking a fresh look at digital resources. Recently, the web has been used by new heritage preservation entrepreneurs who share common practices, even though they deal with different kinds of music (modern and classical Arab music). This paper traces the history of a set of websites that digitized and spread Arab music which was rarely listened to before the 2000s, except within certain limited circles (on both the social and national levels). Similarly, these websites made a substantial contribution to increasing the availability of well-known songs, since at that time they were almost impossible to find through legal or official channels. This paper aims at identifying this social space (as well as its inner divisions), but also at putting forward tools to analyze the daily practices around these archives, including a type of “bootleg heritage preservation” that they reveal.

On Western Assiut Mountain, the joint expedition of Sohag University, Egypt, Gutenberg University (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) and Berlin University (Freie Universität Berlin), Germany, discovered many kinds of Islamic earthenware and ­pottery, glazed and unglazed earthenware, painted, overlaid ceramics, uni-color glazed ­ceramics, ceramics imitating the art of the Tang Dynasty, Chinese porcelain and imitations thereof. A great deal of research has been conducted on the objects found. This study is part of a series by the author on the Islamic pottery objects discovered on Western Assiut Mountain. Twenty-five fine, Mamluk glazed earthenware objects discovered there are published in the study, indicating the existence of this kind of Mamluk glazed earthenware on Western Assiut Mountain and examining these objects as regards to where they were excavated, their material, their dimensions, their painting and decoration styles, their colors and the kind of decoration thereon, including plant and geometric designs as well as inscriptions. The study also compares these decorations to those found on other artistic pieces from the Mamluk period.

The main purpose of this paper is to edit and study a unique unknown decree of al-Ġūrī (1501‑1516 AD). The document is of great importance for the Diplomatics and History disciplines; especially the Mamluk Studies. This decree has special features that allow us to elaborate the minutes of drafting such documents, and how to use it in writing history. However, the diplomatical study (description of the document, its history at the host archive, and the detailed study of its form and context) showed significant aspects of its content and circumstances. On the other hand, the text sheds more light in al‑Ġūrī era, and the history of the churches, monasteries, and the Coptic community at whole.

This volume gathers several studies concerning the most characteristic material discovered in the system of storage caves of the site of Ayn Soukhna (following the archeological report published in 2016 in a previous book). We present successively all the inscriptions which were found during the excavation of this sector, by adding complements to those which, because of their historical importance, have already been at least partially published, and by studying all the inscribed objects of various periods brought to light. A specific study was also devoted to the exceptional batch of Old Kingdom flint knives collected in the entrance to the G1 gallery. The analysis of nearly one hundred utilitary stone objects is then proposed here, with the determination of the precise use of all this material.

Ce volume regroupe plusieurs études concernant le matériel le plus caractéristique découvert dans le secteur des galeries-magasins du site d’Ayn Soukhna (publié en 2016 dans le précédent ouvrage de cette série). Nous présentons successivement la totalité des inscriptions qui ont été relevées au cours de la fouille de cette zone en apportant des compléments à celles qui ont, en raison de leur importance historique, déjà été signalées, et en étudiant l’ensemble des petits objets inscrits de différentes périodes mis au jour. Une étude spécifique a également été consacrée à l’exceptionnel dépôt de couteaux de silex de l’Ancien Empire recueillis dans l’entrée de la galerie G1. L’analyse de près d’une centaine d’objets utilitaires en pierre (meules, polissoirs, aiguisoirs, enclumes) est ensuite proposée ici, avec la détermination de l’utilisation précise de l’ensemble de ce matériel. Un chapitre est par ailleurs consacré aux poulies sèches et tenons découverts à proximité des galeries, qui pourraient être des éléments de gréement des embarcations ayant été utilisées sur le site. Enfin, deux études sont consacrées l’une aux restes fauniques – qui donnent un aperçu de la consommation alimentaire au temps des expéditions pharaoniques – l’autre à des centaines de fragments de creusets découverts dans cette zone, qui correspondent à une activité métallurgique datée du début du Moyen Empire.

This volume gathers several studies concerning the most characteristic material discovered in the system of storage caves of the site of Ayn Soukhna (following the archeological report published in 2016 in a previous book). We present successively all the inscriptions which were found during the excavation of this sector, by adding complements to those which, because of their historical importance, have already been at least partially published, and by studying all the inscribed objects of various periods brought to light. A specific study was also devoted to the exceptional batch of Old Kingdom flint knives collected in the entrance to the G1 gallery. The analysis of nearly one hundred utilitary stone objects is then proposed here, with the determination of the precise use of all this material.

A chapter is also devoted to dry pulleys and tenons discovered near the galleries, which could be rigging elements of the boats that were used on the site. Finally, two studies are devoted one to faunal remains – which give an insight into food consumption by pharaonic teams during expeditions – the other to hundreds of fragments of crucibles found in this area, which correspond to a metallurgical activity dated to the early Middle Kingdom.