IFAO

Prosper Alpin (1553-1617) séjourna plus de trois ans (1581-1584) en Égypte et rédigea vers la fin de sa vie cette Histoire Naturelle « pour son plaisir et pour garder le doux souvenir de ce qu'il a vu en Égypte ». L'ouvrage est marqué par la curiosité du voyageur, qui égrène en différents chapitres les différentes observations qu'il a pu faire au contact direct du pays. Il dépasse en cela le cadre d'une «histoire naturelle» au sens où nous l'entendons pour en faire un véritable témoignage sur l'Égypte et ses habitants, leurs coutumes, leurs pratiques sociales ou leurs religions.

Le Bulletin critique des Annales islamologiques (BCAI) vise à rendre compte de toute publication intéressant les études arabes et islamiques dans les divers domaines: langue et littérature arabes; islamologie, philosophie; histoire; histoire des sciences et des techniques; anthropologie et sciences sociales; arts et archéologie. Sur cédérom depuis 2000, ce dernier numéro présente les comptes rendus des 22 numéros de la revue et les sommaires des sommaires des Annales islamologiques des nos 1 à 40, offrant ainsi un outil complet et indispensable à tous les chercheurs travaillant sur le monde arabo-islamique.

Although of modest proportions, the burial chamber of TT 1 is decorated with many exquisite scenes, and with a wealth of inscriptions in painted hieroglyphs. These hieroglyphs are the subject of the present volume, which aims to classify, describe and explain the individual signs and their forms. The series Paléographie hiéroglyphique covers the entire period during which hieroglyphic texts were made, from the Old Kingdom to the Graeco-Roman Period. As a part of the series, this book is illustrative of a particular stage in the graphic and functional development of hieroglyphs: painted monochrome hieroglyphs in private tombs of the early Ramesside Period. The use and graphic variety of every individual sign is discussed in the commentary, and represented by samples in the palaeographical tables. A general commentary deals with the technique of painting the signs, their relation to other Pharaonic Egyptian scripts, the all-important influence of orientation on the shapes of hieroglyphs, and the mistakes and corrections made by their painter. Finally, a comparison is made between the signs in TT 1 and other tombs at Deir el-Medina that belonged to the workmen who spent their lives constructing and decorating the sepulchres of the Ramesside Pharaohs... as well as their own.

Ce douzième volume des Cahiers de Karnak, co-édité par les éditions Soleb et l'IFAO, rassemble des contributions portant sur les travaux effectués par le Centre franco-égyptien d'étude des temples de Karnak de 1998 à 2004, récapitulés dans le rapport d'activité qui ouvre la revue. Une grande partie des articles est consacrée aux travaux dans la zone centrale du temple. Les nouvelles fouilles à l'est du Lac Sacré ou dans le Musée de plein air sont aussi présentées, et plusieurs études documentaires (peintures coptes de l'Akhmenou, ostraca hiératiques, bibliographies) figurent également dans cet ouvrage.

Cet ouvrage présente une sélection de proverbes égyptiens, encore usités, où sont évoqués les poissons et les oiseaux, sédentaires et migrateurs. Ces jugements portés sur la vie quotidienne reflètent les traditions et les croyances propres à des régions, à des groupes sociaux et à des époques. Ils n'en sont pas moins révélateurs d'une attitude générale des Égyptiens face aux éléments du milieu naturel. Les proverbes sont présentés en version bilingue arabe / français et commentés.

يقدم هذا الكتاب مجموعة من اﻷمثال المصرية المتداولةحتى اليوم عن الأسماك والطيور المستوطنة والمهاجرة والتي تعكس في مجموعها صورا للزمان والمكان. وترسم لنا كثيرا من عتدات وتقاليد المصريين بمختلف طبقاتهم الاجتماعية ومعتقداتهم, ومواقفهم من كل ما يحيط بهم من أشياء وظروف. وهي مقدمة باللغتين العربية والفرنسية مع التعليق عليها.

Due to the scarcity of documents that were exchanged between Muslim powers prior to the 16th century, the historian, in order to study the nature of these relations, is compelled to rely upon secondary sources such as copies that might have survived. A particularly fruitful and yet underused genre is represented by the collections of letters compiled, for the most part, by secretaries employed at the chancery of state. Of particular interest to the author and known since the 19th century is ms. ar. 4440 now held at the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris. This manuscript contains several copies of letters exchanged by powers pertaining to the Dār al-islām and the Mamluk Sultanate. The study of these documents provides the opportunity to understand the nature of relations between the Muslim powers and in particular the protocols that prevailed at the chancery. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the importance of this manuscript as well as to construct an inventory of the material that the document provides.

The Nogay ulus (appanage) seceded from the Golden Horde in the 1390s under the leadership of Edigü, a well known military commander and chief of the Turco-Mongol Mangit tribe. Up until this point Nogay Horde had occupied a vast territory between the Yayik (Ural) and the Lower Volga River. Consequently during the 15th – 16th centuries they became the significant Tatar successor state of the Golden Horde. After the Russian conquest of the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan (1552, 1556), it was only the Nogay Horde and the Crimean Khanate that represented any real danger to the eastward expansion of the Muscovite state. Similar to their Crimean Tatar relatives, by the 16th – 17th centuries the Nogays were able to pursue large scale diplomatic correspondence with Moscow. This correspondence has been mostly preserved within the Russian State Archives of Old Documents (RGADA) in Moscow. Fourteen volumes of the so-called “envoy books” (posol’skie knigi) and thousands of letters written in separate sheets (stolbtsy) are kept in fond 127 of the RGADA archive. Although the material contains numerous contemporary Russian translations of Tatar documents, the originals of which have been lost; a few dozen of the original Nogay letters have survived. These letters are written in Tatar using the Arabic alphabet. The Nogay-Tatar documents of the 16th – 17th centuries, virtually unstudied by scholars, form the core material from which the author wishes to present his findings. These documents provide important descriptions of how the Nogay chancellery functioned and in particular, associated diplomatic and linguistic characteristics.