Verre byzantin et islamiqueByzantine and Islamic Glass
Maria Mossakowska-Gaubert
10 référencesreferences
KRÖGER, Jens
Fusṭāṭ and Nishapur. Questions about Fatimid Cut Glass
BARRUCAND, Marianne
L’Égypte fatimide, son art et son histoire. Actes du colloque organisé à Paris les 28, 29 et 30 mai 1998
Presses de l’Université de Paris -Sorbonne, Paris, 1999, p. 219-232
Benaki Museum (AthènesAthens) ; C.L. David Collection (CopenhagueCopenhagen) ; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York) ; Museum für Islamische Kunst (Berlin) ; Museum of Islamic Art (Le CaireCairo)
[801, 1100]
• Fatimid cut glass and its relations to Iran – examination of spherical bottle from the Museum für Islamische Kunst in Berlin (fig. III 28; Egypt, 10th – first half 11th century):
Shape:
– relates this bottle to the sphero-conical mainly pottery vessel, less frequent glass vessel (so-called ‘kuza-yi fuqāʿ’ or “beer gourds”).
Cut decoration (bevelled or slant-cut style):
– main frieze:
- roundels with birds (peacocks) alternating with geometrical pattern.
The decorative schema of birds resembles the roundels with birds motive on the relief-cut bowl from Fusṭāṭ (fig. 3; 9th century). On Iranian glass more popular are rows of birds (fig. 4, 5, 6 ; 9th–10th century). Motive of peacocks on rock-cristal pommel (fig. 7b; Egypt, 10th century).
- geometrical pattern: triangles or half triangles filled with volutes.
Volutes are typical for vessels in the slant-cut style from Iran (fig. 8; glass bottle, Iran, 10th century; fig. 9, glass bottle, China, prior 1018, Iranian origin; fig. 10, glass beaker, Nishapur, 10th century). Other examples of volutes motives on glass made probably in the Syro-Palestinian region: group of beakers from the Serçe Limanı shipwreck (1025), beaker from the glass cache in Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya (fig. 11; 10th – beginning of 11th century).
– secondary friezes:
two lines crossing each other regulary and forming triangles with crisscross pattern.
The similar motives are on the beakers from Serçe Limanı shipwreck and a beaker from Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya. This motive is absent on glass hitherto known from Khurasan region.
– kind of cuts:
On the spherical bottle from Berlin the cuts are deep and sometimes crude. Glass from Serçe Limanı and Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya are light.
Other examples of glass with cut decoration identified as Fatimid:
– fragments from Benaki Museum;
– cameo glass with bird, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29a);
– bowl with cameo ibexes, Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo - 10th century (fig. III 29b);
– fragment of beaker with cameo pattern, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29c);
- fragment of glass vessel with cut animal decoration, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29d).
Origin of Berlin spherical bottle: Iranian origin as well Syro-Palestinian can be excluded. Egyptian glass ateliers seem to be more probable.
Shape:
– relates this bottle to the sphero-conical mainly pottery vessel, less frequent glass vessel (so-called ‘kuza-yi fuqāʿ’ or “beer gourds”).
Cut decoration (bevelled or slant-cut style):
– main frieze:
- roundels with birds (peacocks) alternating with geometrical pattern.
The decorative schema of birds resembles the roundels with birds motive on the relief-cut bowl from Fusṭāṭ (fig. 3; 9th century). On Iranian glass more popular are rows of birds (fig. 4, 5, 6 ; 9th–10th century). Motive of peacocks on rock-cristal pommel (fig. 7b; Egypt, 10th century).
- geometrical pattern: triangles or half triangles filled with volutes.
Volutes are typical for vessels in the slant-cut style from Iran (fig. 8; glass bottle, Iran, 10th century; fig. 9, glass bottle, China, prior 1018, Iranian origin; fig. 10, glass beaker, Nishapur, 10th century). Other examples of volutes motives on glass made probably in the Syro-Palestinian region: group of beakers from the Serçe Limanı shipwreck (1025), beaker from the glass cache in Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya (fig. 11; 10th – beginning of 11th century).
– secondary friezes:
two lines crossing each other regulary and forming triangles with crisscross pattern.
The similar motives are on the beakers from Serçe Limanı shipwreck and a beaker from Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya. This motive is absent on glass hitherto known from Khurasan region.
– kind of cuts:
On the spherical bottle from Berlin the cuts are deep and sometimes crude. Glass from Serçe Limanı and Ṣabra al-Manṣūriyya are light.
Other examples of glass with cut decoration identified as Fatimid:
– fragments from Benaki Museum;
– cameo glass with bird, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29a);
– bowl with cameo ibexes, Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo - 10th century (fig. III 29b);
– fragment of beaker with cameo pattern, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29c);
- fragment of glass vessel with cut animal decoration, Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin - 10th century (fig. III 29d).
Origin of Berlin spherical bottle: Iranian origin as well Syro-Palestinian can be excluded. Egyptian glass ateliers seem to be more probable.
Version 5, données dudata date 30 janvier 2013January 30th 2013