GORIN-ROSEN, Yael ; KATSNELSON, Natalya

ʿAtiqot 57

Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, 2007, p. 73-154

fouilles excavations

[-599, -300] [301, 425] [1250, 1500]

assiette plate bol bowl bouteille bottle bracelet bracelet cruche ewer flacon flask gobelet beaker incrustation inlay lampe lamp miroire mirror pendentif pendant perle bead pot jar sceau seal verre à boire drinking glass

décoration appliquée applied decoration filets marbrés marvered trails moulé mould cast picotement et étirement de la matière pinched decoration soufflé dans un moule mould-blown

• Many of the vessels from the Late Roman - Early Byzantine assemblage found in Khirbet el-Niʿana could be attributed to a local glass workshop. Characteristics: large quantities of vessels of the same limited number of types sharing similar decoration, fabric and workmanship.

• Examples of glass objects from the tombs area - the 1996-1997 excavations:

– 6th–4th centuries B.C.:
- tooled seals (or amulets) with design (fig. 24: 3 and 4).

– Late Roman and Early Byzantine Periods:
- fragments of bowls with double fold below rim (fig. 3);
- small bottles and ewers with constricted neck (fig. 10);
- spouted bottle (fig. 14: 9);
- fragments of bottle with vertical pattern of pinched bifurcated ribs on body (fig. 15: 1);
- fragment of mould-blown bottle with grape design (fig. 15: 2);
- fragment of bowl or flask base with pinched-out high “toes” (fig. 15: 3);
- several types of cosmetic vessels with single or double tube (fig. 16-21);
- lamps:
bowl-shaped lamps with handles (fig. 22: 1-3),
bowl-shaped lamps with wick tube (fig. 22: 4-5),
lamps with hollow stem (fig. 22: 6-8);
- beads:
beads with marvered trails (fig. 23: 13-21),
cylindrical, hexagonal and faceted beads (fig. 23: 24-33);
- fragment of circular-sectioned twisted bracelet (fig. 24: 2).

– Mamluk Period:
- fragment of large purple bowl decorated with marvered trails of opaque greenish-blue glass (fig. 40: 1);
- fragment of purple flask with incurved or infolded rim, decorated with marvered white trail (fig. 40: 2);
- fragment of purple, translucent bracelet; triangular section (fig. 40: 3);
- fragment of deep blue or purple, translucent bracelet; white, red and yellow crumbs; semicircular section (fig. 40: 4);
- rectangular plaque of glass: mirror or inlay (fig. 40: 5).

– Remains of glass production (Late Roman and Early Byzantine Periods):
- deformed vessels (fig. 25: 1-4);
- glass drops (fig. 25: 5-8);
- lumps of raw glass (fig. 25: 9-20);
- debris from glass furnaces (fig. 25: 21-22).

• Examples of glass objects from industrial area (80%) and from other areas (20%) - the 1991 excavations:
– Late Roman and Early Byzantine Periods:
- fragments of shallow bowls with cut-off rim (figs. 26: 1; 29);
- fragments of beakers with solid base (fig. 32: 1-3);
- fragments of bottles with cylindrical neck and cylindrical or squat body (fig. 35);
- lamps:
handle of bowl-shaped lamp (fig. 37: 1);
wick tube of bowl-shaped lamp (fig. 37: 2);
fragments of hollow stem lamp (fig. 37: 4, 5).

– Remains of glass production (Late Roman and Early Byzantine Periods):
- glass drop (fig. 38).

bloc de verre brut lump of raw glass débris d'un four debris from a furnace déchets de verre glass waste gouttes de verre glass drops

structures funéraires
burial structures  nécropole
cemetery  tombe
tomb production et commerce
production and commerce  complexe artisanal
industrial complex  dépotoir
dump

Israël Israel

Khirbet el-Niʿana

production consommation