Verre byzantin et islamiqueByzantine and Islamic Glass
Maria Mossakowska-Gaubert
7 référencesreferences
VERITÀ, Marco
Analytical Investigation of European Enameled Beakers of the 13th and 14th Centuries
JGS 37
The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, 1995, p. 83-98
[1250, 1400]
• Group of European medieval vessels - some caracterisitcs:
– colourless glass,
– most of the vessels are frustum-shaped beakers,
– the enamels are painted both on the outer and inner surfaces,
– Latin inscriptions,
– name of “Aldrevandin” inscribed on one of the beakers, has been given to the entire group of beakers.
• Review of hypotheses concerning the origin of these beakers:
– made for “Frankish” crusaders in a Syrian workshop - invented by R. Schmidt, C.J. Lamm: now considered improbable;
– Venice as a center of production - flourishing of enamel decoration on glass in Murano (between 1280 and 1350) attested by actes of the podesta of Murano: acts found and studied by Luigi Zecchin;
– produced in Central Europe - no documentary evidence has been found to support this view.
• Analyse of documenary evidence: documents from the Podestà of Murano.
• Chemical analyses of the samples from nine fragments found in Germany (Konstanz, Lübeck, Freiburg, Breisach) and one in Italy (Venice):
– colourless glass of the beakers:
SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, SO3, P2O5, Cl, TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, PbO;
– decorative enamels : red, blue, white, yellow, green:
SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, SO3, P2O5, Cl, TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, PbO, CuO, CoO, ZnO, SnO2.
– Compositions are similar to those of 15th - and 16th-century Venetian glasses and Islamic enamels.
• Venetian glass factories manufacturing “Aldrevandin” beakers employed raw materials and technology imported from the Middle East.
– colourless glass,
– most of the vessels are frustum-shaped beakers,
– the enamels are painted both on the outer and inner surfaces,
– Latin inscriptions,
– name of “Aldrevandin” inscribed on one of the beakers, has been given to the entire group of beakers.
• Review of hypotheses concerning the origin of these beakers:
– made for “Frankish” crusaders in a Syrian workshop - invented by R. Schmidt, C.J. Lamm: now considered improbable;
– Venice as a center of production - flourishing of enamel decoration on glass in Murano (between 1280 and 1350) attested by actes of the podesta of Murano: acts found and studied by Luigi Zecchin;
– produced in Central Europe - no documentary evidence has been found to support this view.
• Analyse of documenary evidence: documents from the Podestà of Murano.
• Chemical analyses of the samples from nine fragments found in Germany (Konstanz, Lübeck, Freiburg, Breisach) and one in Italy (Venice):
– colourless glass of the beakers:
SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, SO3, P2O5, Cl, TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, PbO;
– decorative enamels : red, blue, white, yellow, green:
SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, SO3, P2O5, Cl, TiO2, Fe2O3, MnO, PbO, CuO, CoO, ZnO, SnO2.
– Compositions are similar to those of 15th - and 16th-century Venetian glasses and Islamic enamels.
• Venetian glass factories manufacturing “Aldrevandin” beakers employed raw materials and technology imported from the Middle East.
Version 5, données dudata date 30 janvier 2013January 30th 2013