FREESTONE, Ian C

Annales du 15e Congrès de l'Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre (New York – Corning 2001)

AIHV, Nottingham, 2003, p. 111-115

[401, 900]

vitre window glass

• Primary glass groups in the Mediterranean (between the 4th and 9th centuries):

– Levantine I:
-Palestinian production during the Byzantine period, made using the sands of the Levanitne coast;
- characteristics: high lime;
- examples: assemblage at Jalome (4th century), chunk and vessel glass from Apollonia, Dor, Bet Shean (6th and 7th century).

– Bet Eliʿezer glass:
- products of the glass factory near Hadra (being utilized by the early 8th century, displaced Levantine I production by that time);
- characteristics: relatively high alumina.

– Egypt group I:
- characteristics: relatively low lime and high alumina (origin in the furnaces of the Wadi Natrun).

– Egypt group II:
- characteristics: high lime and low alumina (8th and 9th centuries);
- examples: glasses from the workshop at Tell el Ashmunein.

– HIMT group:
- characteristics: high iron, manganese, and titanium;
- exemples: assemblages in London, and Italy (4th century), from North Sinai, and Rome (4th-5th century), from Maroni Petrera /Cyprus/ (6th-7th century).

• Glass from Jarrow:
– almost 2 000 fragments of window glass (late 7th century or early 8th century);
– chemical analyses: CaO and Al2O3:
- mainly Levantine I and HIMT glass groups, with small group close to the Wadi Natrum glasses.

• Question with regard to the origin of the natron glass of the 8th to 9th centuries in western Europe.

analyses chimiques chemical analyses

lieux de pratiques religieuses
places of religious practices   monastère
monastery

Egypte Egypt			production
Grande-Bretagne Great Britain		Jarrow	consommation
Israël Israel			production